Review:
Current talks
surrounding global climate change are just the latest in a range
of environmental cases that has stretched from the first Stockholm
Conference to now. For those trying to make sense of these
events there are really two strands: science and politics. Whilst
the former is the area we are most used to dealing with it cannot
be denied that we are expected increasingly to consider the
realm of public science - the communication of science and science
ideas. Although it might seem like this is just another communication
tasks there are those who are trying to put such debates on
a larger and often theoretical footing. This text is one example.
The
aim here is to bring a range of academic perspectives to bear
on the issue of environmental governance. The biggest issues
today are global but at the same time that's where the weakest
political links are to be found. By using a series of critical
perspectives the author hopes to create a framework for study:
to explain what happens and why. The opening chapter seeks to
explain the debate surrounding global environmental issues.
Ultimately, the aim is to analyse and explain, hopefully seeking
to make such conferences more fruitful than has been seen in
the past. We are introduced to three key questions: the causes
of global environmental change, the reasons for a growth in
environmental concern and how international governance could
be shaped. Alongside such discussions the reader is also introduced
to the key academic perspectives used. Chapter two aims to unravel
the complexities behind the notion of international environmental
problems. This might, at first glance, be simple e.g. global
warming. However, most global issues come down to (or arise
from) a local issue. They also need to be propelled into people's
conscious mind. This mixture of scale, environment and response
gives rise to much of the complexity we see. Chapter three starts
to catalogue the main types of actors or stakeholders in global
issues. Leaving aside the proliferation of government departments
over the last twenty years its sobering to note that there are
now millions of non-0governmental organisations against the
handful at the time of Stockholm. Any attempt to catalogue and
classify helps us understand where views are being made and
shaped. In some ways these early chapters provide a framework
from which to assess later ideas. Chapter four is a clear break
in that it examines the range of state-led environmental organisations
e.g. IWC
and CITES.
These are the "official" organs of the global environmental
movement and although they have their critics there is a great
deal accomplished. It's one thing to have an agreement but it's
only effective if everyone abides by it. Chapter five examines
the issues behind compliance and uses regime theory to explain
and evaluate their outcomes. Part of the problem behind studying
these organisations is to find a suitable methodology to do
so and this chapter helps build some resources. Chapter six
turns to another group of actors - those involved in global
finance. Globalisation brings a range of economic issues to
the fore and we need to see how these work. Groups such as the
world Bank are not without their critics but we cannot remove
the impact of such organisations from global governance. What
we can do is study and analyse their actions to promote effective
governance. Its not just state organisations that have grown.
The non-governmental/ not-for-profit side has also boomed. Organisations
that once held central place e.g. World Wide Fund for Nature
and now just one of dozens fighting for media time and significance.
Obviously there's going to be political issues involved and
not all treaties will work but these bodies are a global force
that will not go away. Finally, chapter 8 brings together the
key strands developed in the book. A range of themes are explored
and some way forward for research is proposed.
This
is an interesting text. It is most useful for educators trying
to make some sense of the welter or organisations and opinions
out there. The framework and critical analysis it proposes provide
a sound model from which to launch investigations. Anyone needing
a good overview of global organisations would do well to read
this book.