Review:
Climate change is an industry and, as with any industry, there's
going to be differences of opinion. There is the danger that
in focussing so closely on the temperature changes that may
(or of course may not) happen that we forget that there are
legitimate areas for discussion. It is possible that these areas
could suggest some radical change. The aim of this text is to
challenge some of the basic assumptions and show that there
are unanswered questions behind the rhetoric. In some ways the
sub-title 'illusion and reality in the coming war on climate
change' says it all. We are, argues the author, labouring under
a mis-understanding of the nature of both sustainability and
the debate which is run around it. Unless we start to re-think
then we may be applying a solution too late to a different issue
to the one that is actually needed.
The
book is divided into three and starts with an exploration of
the nature of sustainable development. Chapter one tries to
outline some of the development of these ideas. Taken literally,
sustainable development is a contradiction in terms since development
must be bounded and 'sustainability' suggests otherwise. We
start with an brief historical overview and soon tackle a crucial
issue - the gap between reality and rhetoric. Using the UK
Sustainable Development Strategy as a starting point, we
are shown how the basic tenets are not possible in the form
they are written. It is not that they are badly drafted, it's
just that they beg more questions than they answer. There is
also the issue raised that the sustainability debate is really
a question of ethics rather than some obvious result of a scientific
observation. Chapter two continues with this. It argues that
climate models are uncertain and yet although we know this we
still rely on them as a serious benchmark of change. Much of
this relies on the ethics of the case. Since sustainable development
was founded with ideas of inter/intra-generational equity, it
has been put forward as an ethical choice (although this is
false - we cannot speak for future generations). Chapter three
continues the argument and looks at the ways in which the sustainability
argument is subverted by the idea that we never quite reach
the target but always strive towards it. In effect we are being
told that we can both have our cake and eat it - we can have
sustainability but under business-as-usual rules. The next set
of chapters takes the argument one stage further by suggesting
ways we could reformulate politics to avoid such traps. Chapter
four suggests that we focus on the present and not try to move
towards some utopian future. We don't know what might happen
but we can make small positive steps with what we have now.
One of the best ways of doing this would be to look at the quality
of life. However, even that might not produce enough action
and so we might need to look deeper - to the actual fundamental
needs of society. Here, as chapter five points out, we get just
what we need allowing the resources so 'freed' to be used for
other people raising their standards or for future generations.
It's a save rather than spend policy. The final three chapters
try to put this new view into practice. Taken as a set they
argue that we must reform the way that politics is carried out
and that part of this reformation is the change in the way things
are managed and governed. At this point there are a number of
different arguments as to how this might happen but the overall
theme is one of differentiation. There is a need for a multiplicity
of viewpoints that allows us to choose the best option. In some
ways this mirrors the energy debate where a range of generating
options is needed but where only a few centralised forms are
offered.
This
is a thought provoking book. It's most useful for those trying
to delve deeper into the debate on sustainability because it
presupposes some familiarity with the debate. At a time when
the sustainability debate seems to be moving in one direction
there's much to be said for a view which demands we stop and
find out what we are really following.