Review:
Whilst we are rightly concerned about global warming there's
an equally important task that doesn't always get the same level
of debate - implementing change. It's now widely recognised
that global warming needs a global response: the trick is to
find a mechanism that makes it possible. The aim of this text
is to look at the ways in which global environmental politics
can be studied and put into effect.
The
book is divided into three parts each one highlighting a key
element of the debate. The first part looks at the context within
which global environmental politics operates. For example, the
opening chapter notes that the focus is on international relations
rather than the issue. It implies that the issue is of secondary
importance to the ways in which the actors view their roles
in the situation. By using a timeline approach, we can see how
the topic has developed - a useful aid for those new to the
study. Chapter three turns to theoretical perspectives arguing
that there are six main approaches to this work ranging from
anarchy to sustainability. The importance of this is that there
is no one clear con census - thus to our problems of environmental
issues we need to add a political playing field where the rules
aren't clearly known! The final chapter in this part looks at
a range of methodological perspectives from which the study
can be analysed. Again, we see this as a useful tool (because
we can see the range of options available to us) but we can
also see it as a drawback (too many differences which the contributors
suggest can be downplayed by using multiple-method analyses
in research. Part two, entitled 'the forces that shape international
environmental politics' comprises of five chapters each one
of which describes a specific area. The first chapter here looks
at globalisation - the notion that global forces are responsible
for the spread of global issues. (This seems simplistic but
in reality there are other new texts out this year arguing that
it's not global but the sum of local events so the debate is
far from closed). This is followed by a study of the international
political economy. It's obviously allied to globalisation but
the difference here is the nature of the actors and the role
trade plays in global affairs. Next there's a study of transnational
actors - not just companies but civil groups, pressure groups,
NGOs etc. The obvious point is that there is not just one group
of people involved but a wide range (and drawn from a range
of scales as well). Chapter 8 adds the idea to security to the
debate. Given the arguments over water for example, it is very
clear that crucial survival decisions will shape the future
every much as military imperatives have in the past. A final
chapter looks at governance and finds that it is not just one
entity but numerous groups an d individuals acting at different
scales in different places - suggesting that there's a huge
deal that needs to be done to understand how we can get enough
consensus to move forward. Finally, part three looks at frameworks
for evaluating international politics. The first approach is
by using sustainability measures - to see if a given idea improves
the sustainable development of an area. The second approach
uses the idea that we can measure the effectiveness of a policy
by using some agreed benchmarking - the notion of environmental
regime theory. A final perspective relies on notions of justice
to measure effectiveness. A concluding chapter highlights the
main points of the text and shows the ways they can be developed.
This
is a very useful text especially for those looking to study
international politics in greater detail who already have some
understanding of the field. It highlights the complexity of
the issue and offers some ways forward from theory and method
to outcome.