Review:
Here's a fundamental question: why are school students apparently
less concerned about environmental issues than similar groups
used to be? Given the level of environmental reporting and concern
in the national and international press this is a fair point.
Further, this is not just a problem of interest in news, research
shows a deeper malaise. Whilst this review is no place to suggest
a perfect solution at least one avenue to explore might be to
harness the interest students have into something they can relate
to. This brings us to this book which is a polemic focussed
on one aspect - corporate power and what it can do. As such
it seeks to demonstrate that there are key groups and individuals
who have access to a level of power beyond that which they might
be expected to have. It follows that other groups and indivuduals
will have access to less power. The dimensions and implications
of this are the subject of this author, self-described as a
"communications Rottweiler".
We
start with a very brief overview of the comnnections between
global companies and are given some insight into the central
thesis of the book. With this background in mind, subsequent
chapters describe particular aspects. Thus chapter two looks
ta the way in which corporations built up powwer within nations,
taking examples from the US and UK to demonstrate this. Once
this was established, power went international initially, according
to the cases in chapter three, as a way of spreading influence
over a small range of countries. The imfamous case of the CIA
and Chile is the key example here. Chapter four examines the
role played by certain US agreements in the development of other
nations' economic policies. Thus the crude intervention in chapter
three gives way to a more ideological methodology in chapter
four. Next, the arguemnt moves on to look at the 'privatisation'
of services: the selling of public assets to private owners.
Several cases are used largely to highlight the problems such
changes have had for the consumers. The focus now turns to trade
agreements. Chapter six discusses the creation of trade ideas
through, for example, the WTO and the ways in which such agendas
are biased towards the corporate interest. This is continued
in chapter seven where the focus ios specifically on services
e.g. banking where these 'stateless' multinational nonetheless
seek to influence state policy. Chapter 8 and 9 are linked in
that they both look at at specific areas of trade agreements.
The former looks at the way certain perspectives can hold sway
whilst the latter focusses on deregulation of investment, in
particular, the Multi-lateral Agreement on Investment. That
such discussions were not smooth highlighted the case that business
leaders had opponents. Such was the criticism surrounding the
Seattle talks of the WTO in 1999 that chapter 10 shows how some
key business leaders sought to rectify the situation. A final,
brief chapter tells of the problems we face.
This
is a very interesting text. It is well written with a wealth
of references and although it is focussed on one area it puts
a very convincing case. As such it is a good model of writing,
a valuable guide to putting a case that students could follow
with benefit. That many of the examples given are environmental
is an additional bonus for us. For those who want a critical
examination of current trade and business policy this is an
excellent book - one of the few in recent years to put together
such a convincing argument. Returning to the original point,
maybe work like this will help raise student environmental awareness?